In western medicine, acne can be categorized into four types. First, the puberty type, which is an excessive sebum production from the rapid increase of the male hormones, resulting in clogged pores. Second is the adult type; when the dead skin cells clog inside the pores, it inhibits smooth sebaceous secretion. Third, the proliferation of P. Acnes, bacteria living in skin hair follicles that cause infection. That’s why antibiotics are used in the western treatment of acne. Fourth is when all of the above happen together, the sebaceous secretion increases, the pores become clogged, and P. Acne grows due to inflammation. Skin cell regenerates approximately every 27 days, and this means the rate at which inflammations are controlled is a direct variable of acne treatment and acne scar development.

Other factors may include hormonal fluctuation during the menstrual cycle and use of cosmetic products. 60-70% of female acne patients notice their acne worsen about a week before menstruation. And those who use cosmetic products that contain a higher content of milk fat or harsh chemicals are prone to acne. Seasonal factors also play a role, as people with skin that is sensitive to heat tend to have acne flare-ups in the summer.